自然杂志胰腺癌的早期检测

癌症的诊疗难点在于早期发现，80%的癌症被发现时已经是晚期。但现在出现了一种新的早期胰腺癌的检测方法。

研究者发现了胰腺癌患者血液中显著升高的一种蛋白——Glypican-1。Glypican-1是胰腺癌细胞胞吐的外泌体膜表面的突出蛋白。

德克萨斯大学安德森肿瘤研究中心的RaghuKalluri发现胰腺癌患者体内有大量的Glypican-1蛋白，可用血液检测出其存在。

Kalluri希望可以在近期将Glypican-1的血液检测用于临床。这项检测可以用于如60岁以上肥胖人群及有家族史的人群的胰腺癌筛查。

Glypican-1identifiescancerexosomesanddetectsearlypancreaticcancer.

MeloSA1,LueckeLB1,KahlertC1,FernandezAF2,GammonST3,KayeJ1,LeBleuVS1,MittendorfEA4,WeitzJ5,RahbariN5,ReissfelderC5,PilarskyC5,FragaMF6,Piwnica-WormsD3,KalluriR1.

Abstract

Exosomesarelipid-bilayer-enclosedextracellularvesiclesthatcontainproteinsandnucleicacids.Theyaresecretedbyallcellsandcirculateintheblood.Specificdetectionandisolationofcancer-cell-derivedexosomesinthecirculationiscurrentlylacking.Usingmassspectrometryanalyses,weidentifyacellsurfaceproteoglycan,glypican-1(GPC1),specificallyenrichedoncancer-cell-derivedexosomes.GPC1(+)circulatingexosomes(crExos)weremonitoredandisolatedusingflowcytometryfromtheserumofpatientsandmicewithcancer.GPC1(+)crExosweredetectedintheserumofpatientswithpancreaticcancerwithabsolutespecificityandsensitivity,distinguishinghealthysubjectsandpatientswithabenignpancreaticdiseasefrompatientswithearly-andlate-stagepancreaticcancer.LevelsofGPC1(+)crExoscorrelatewithtumourburdenandthesurvivalofpre-andpost-surgicalpatients.GPC1(+)crExosfrompatientsandfrommicewithspontaneouspancreatictumourscarryspecificKRASmutations,andreliablydetectpancreaticintraepitheliallesionsinmicedespitenegativesignalsbymagneticresonanceimaging.GPC1(+)crExosmayserveasapotentialnon-invasivediagnosticandscreeningtooltodetectearlystagesofpancreaticcancertofacilitatepossiblecurativesurgicaltherapy.

来源：Nature.Jul9;():-82.doi:10./nature.EpubJun24.

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