转移性胰腺癌和转移性前列腺癌的新疗法NE
2021-2-15 来源:本站原创 浏览次数:次福建白癜风医院 https://m-mip.39.net/baidianfeng/mipso_4756241.html
美国当地时间6月2日,ASCO公布的两项3期试验结果在《新英格兰医学杂志》同期在线发表。
其中,关于携带生殖细胞系BRCA1或BRCA2突变的转移性胰腺癌患者的3期临床试验由以色列Sheba’sPancreaticCancerCenter的TaliaGolan博士领导。胰腺癌患者5年生存率不足10%,因此这项名为POLO的全球多中心试验备受瞩目。
我们在此发表两篇论著摘要的中文翻译。
相关阅读NEJM发表中国团队鼻咽癌放化疗新方案
ASCO速递
1奥拉帕利用于生殖细胞系BRCA突变转移性胰腺癌的维持治疗
MaintenanceOlaparibforGermlineBRCA-MutatedMetastaticPancreaticCancer
摘要
背景
生殖细胞系BRCA1或BRCA2突变的患者在转移性胰腺癌患者中占一小部分。多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂奥拉帕利在该人群中具有抗肿瘤活性。
方法
我们开展了一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的3期试验,目的是在患转移性胰腺癌且铂类一线化疗期间未发生进展的生殖细胞系BRCA1或BRCA2突变患者中评价奥拉帕利维持治疗的疗效。我们以3:2的比例将患者随机分组,分别接受奥拉帕利片剂(每日两次,每次mg)或安慰剂维持治疗。主要终点是通过盲法独立集中审核方式判定的无进展生存期。
结果
在接受筛选的例患者中,例经随机分组并被分配接受试验干预(92例接受奥拉帕利,62例接受安慰剂)。奥拉帕利组的中位无进展生存期显著超过安慰剂组(7.4个月vs.3.8个月;疾病进展或死亡的风险比,0.53;95%置信区间[CI],0.35~0.82;P=0.)。在数据成熟度46%的情况下对总生存期进行的期中分析显示,奥拉帕利组和安慰剂组之间无差异(中位数,18.9个月vs.18.1个月;死亡的风险比,0.91;95%CI,0.56~1.46;P=0.68)。本试验根据欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织的生活质量问卷(EuropeanOrganizationforResearchandTreatmentofCancerQualityofLifeQuestionnaire)评估患者生活质量,生活质量总分(分量表,较高评分表明生活质量较好)相对于基线的总体变化表明,健康相关生活质量无显著组间差异(组间差异,-2.47分;95%CI,-7.27~2.33)。奥拉帕利组和安慰剂组的3级或更高级别不良事件发生率分别为40%和23%(组间差异,16个百分点;95%CI,-0.02~31);分别有5%和2%的患者因不良事件而停止试验干预。
结论
在患转移性胰腺癌的生殖细胞系BRCA突变患者中,奥拉帕利维持治疗的无进展生存期超过安慰剂。(由阿斯利康公司等资助;POLO在ClinicalTrials.gov注册号为NCT。)
TaliaGolan,PascalHammel,MicheleReni,etal.MaintenanceOlaparibforGermlineBRCA-MutatedMetastaticPancreaticCancer.DOI:10./NEJMoa
2转移性前列腺癌的恩杂鲁胺联合标准一线治疗
EnzalutamidewithStandardFirst-LineTherapyinMetastaticProstateCancer
摘要
背景
雄激素受体抑制剂恩杂鲁胺(enzalutamide)与去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者的总生存期改善相关。目前尚不明确在睾酮抑制(联合或不联合早期多西他赛治疗)的基础上加用恩杂鲁胺可否改善转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者的生存期。
方法
在这项开放标签、随机、3期试验中,我们分配患者接受睾酮抑制联合开放标签恩杂鲁胺治疗或接受标准非甾体类抗雄激素治疗(标准治疗组)。主要终点是总生存期。次要终点包括根据前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平确定的无进展生存期、临床无进展生存期和不良事件。
结果
共有例患者接受随机分组;中位随访时间为34个月。恩杂鲁胺组和标准治疗组分别有和例患者死亡(风险比,0.67;95%置信区间[CI],0.52~0.86;P=0.)。在恩杂鲁胺组和标准治疗组中,3年总生存率的Kaplan-Meier估计值分别为80%(基于94起事件)和72%(基于起事件)。在PSA无进展生存率(分别为和起事件;风险比,0.39;P0.)和临床无进展生存率(分别为和起事件;风险比,0.40;P0.)方面,恩杂鲁胺的结果也优于标准治疗。恩杂鲁胺组因不良事件而停止治疗的发生率高于标准治疗组(分别为33起事件和14起事件)。恩杂鲁胺组的疲劳发生率高于标准治疗组;恩杂鲁胺组有7例患者(1%)出现惊厥发作,标准治疗组无患者出现惊厥发作。
结论
在接受睾酮抑制的转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者中,恩杂鲁胺组的无进展生存期和总生存期均超过标准治疗组。恩杂鲁胺组的惊厥发作和其他毒性作用发生率高于标准治疗组,尤其是在接受早期多西他赛治疗的患者中。(由AstellasScientificandMedicalAffairs等资助;ENZAMET(ANZUP4)在ANZCTR注册号为ACTRN12614010684;在ClinicalTrials.gov注册号为NCT;在欧盟临床试验注册系统[EUClinicalTrialsRegister]注册号为--42。)
IanD.Davis,AndrewJ.Martin,MartinR.Stockler,etal.EnzalutamidewithStandardFirst-LineTherapyinMetastaticProstateCancer.DOI:10./NEJMoa
1MaintenanceOlaparibforGermlineBRCA-MutatedMetastaticPancreaticCancer
奥拉帕利用于生殖细胞系BRCA突变转移性胰腺癌的维持治疗
Abstract
Background
PatientswithagermlineBRCA1orBRCA2mutationmakeupasmallsubgroupofthosewithmetastaticpancreaticcancer.Thepoly(adenosinediphosphate–ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitorolaparibhashadantitumoractivityinthispopulation.
Methods
Weconductedarandomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,phase3trialtoevaluatetheefficacyofolaparibasmaintenancetherapyinpatientswhohadagermlineBRCA1orBRCA2mutationandmetastaticpancreaticcanceranddiseasethathadnotprogressedduringfirst-lineplatinum-basedchemotherapy.Patientswererandomlyassigned,ina3:2ratio,toreceivemaintenanceolaparibtablets(mgtwicedaily)orplacebo.Theprimaryendpointwasprogression-freesurvival,whichwasassessedbyblindedindependentcentralreview.
Results
Ofthepatientswhounderwentscreening,underwentrandomizationandwereassignedtoatrialintervention(92toreceiveolapariband62toreceiveplacebo).Themedianprogression-freesurvivalwassignificantlylongerintheolaparibgroupthanintheplacebogroup(7.4monthsvs.3.8months;hazardratiofordiseaseprogressionordeath,0.53;95%confidenceinterval[CI],0.35to0.82;P=0.).Aninterimanalysisofoverallsurvival,atadatamaturityof46%,showednodifferencebetweentheolaparibandplacebogroups(median,18.9monthsvs.18.1months;hazardratiofordeath,0.91;95%CI,0.56to1.46;P=0.68).Therewasnosignificantbetween-groupdifferenceinhealth-relatedqualityoflife,asindicatedbytheoverallchangefrombaselineintheglobalquality-of-lifescore(ona-pointscale,withhigherscoresindicatingbetterqualityoflife)basedontheEuropeanOrganizationforResearchandTreatmentofCancerQualityofLifeQuestionnaire(between-groupdifference,?2.47points;95%CI,?7.27to2.33).Theincidenceofgrade3orhigheradverseeventswas40%intheolaparibgroupand23%intheplacebogroup(between-groupdifference,16percentagepoints;95%CI,?0.02to31);5%and2%ofthepatients,respectively,discontinuedthetrialinterventionbecauseofanadverseevent.
Conclusion
AmongpatientswithagermlineBRCAmutationandmetastaticpancreaticcancer,progression-freesurvivalwaslongerwithmaintenanceolaparibthanwithplacebo.(FundedbyAstraZenecaandothers;POLOClinicalTrials.govnumber,NCT.)
TaliaGolan,PascalHammel,MicheleReni,etal.MaintenanceOlaparibforGermlineBRCA-MutatedMetastaticPancreaticCancer.DOI:10./NEJMoa
2EnzalutamidewithStandardFirst-LineTherapyinMetastaticProstateCancer
转移性前列腺癌的恩杂鲁胺联合标准一线治疗
Abstract
Background
Enzalutamide,anandrogen-receptorinhibitor,hasbeenassociatedwithimprovedoverallsurvivalinmenwithcastration-resistantprostatecancer.Itisnotknownwhetheraddingenzalutamidetotestosteronesuppression,withorwithoutearlydocetaxel,willimprovesurvivalinmenwithmetastatic,hormone-sensitiveprostatecancer.
Methods
Inthisopen-label,randomized,phase3trial,weassignedpatientstoreceivetestosteronesuppressionpluseitheropen-labelenzalutamideorastandardnonsteroidalantiandrogentherapy(standard-caregroup).Theprimaryendpointwasoverallsurvival.Secondaryendpointsincludedprogression-freesurvivalasdeterminedbytheprostate-specificantigen(PSA)level,clinicalprogression-freesurvival,andadverseevents.
Results
Atotalofmenunderwentrandomization;themedianfollow-upwas34months.Thereweredeathsintheenzalutamidegroupanddeathsinthestandard-caregroup(hazardratio,0.67;95%confidenceinterval[CI],0.52to0.86;P=0.).Kaplan–Meierestimatesofoverallsurvivalat3yearswere80%(basedon94events)intheenzalutamidegroupand72%(basedonevents)inthestandard-caregroup.BetterresultswithenzalutamidewerealsoseeninPSAprogression-freesurvival(andevents,respectively;hazardratio,0.39;P0.)andinclinicalprogression-freesurvival(andevents,respectively;hazardratio,0.40;P0.).Treatmentdiscontinuationduetoadverseeventswasmorefrequentintheenzalutamidegroupthaninthestandard-caregroup(33eventsand14events,respectively).Fatiguewasmore